Ovulation induction: what it is and who it helps

Ovulation induction is a set of treatments that help people who aren’t ovulating regularly to release eggs. If your periods are irregular, you have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), or unexplained infertility, your doctor may suggest it. The idea is simple: give hormones or medications to trigger follicle growth and then time intercourse or intrauterine insemination (IUI) for the best chance of pregnancy.

Common medications and how they work

There are a few drugs used most often. Each works a bit differently, so your doctor will pick the best option based on your health and previous tests.

• Clomiphene citrate (Clomid) - An oral pill that tricks the brain into releasing more FSH and LH, which helps follicles grow. Often used as a first step because it is inexpensive and simple.
• Letrozole (Femara) - An aromatase inhibitor taken as a short pill course early in the cycle. Many clinics prefer letrozole for people with PCOS because it can result in fewer multiple pregnancies and better uterine lining.
• Gonadotropins - Injected hormones (FSH, sometimes combined with LH) that directly stimulate the ovaries. These are stronger and used when pills don’t work. They need close monitoring because they raise the risk of multiple eggs and OHSS.
• Trigger shots - A single HCG injection is used to make the mature follicle release the egg at the right time. This is used when follicles reach the right size.

Monitoring, risks, and practical tips

Monitoring is key. Clinics track follicle size with ultrasound and check blood estradiol to reduce risks and time ovulation. Expect 2–6 clinic visits per cycle for monitoring if you are on injectable meds; oral meds often need fewer visits.

Know the main risks: multiple pregnancy (twins or more) and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) with injectables. OHSS causes bloating, nausea, and in rare cases more serious symptoms. If you feel severe belly pain, shortness of breath, or rapid weight gain, call your clinic right away.

Practical tips that help: keep a simple calendar, track symptoms, avoid high-dose supplements unless your doctor approves, and avoid strenuous exercise during monitoring if your ovaries are enlarged. Timing matters—plan intercourse or IUI for 24–36 hours after the trigger shot when the egg is most likely to be released.

What about success rates? They vary by age, diagnosis, and drug used. Many people conceive after a few cycles, especially with letrozole or clomiphene. If several cycles fail, your doctor may suggest moving to IUI with sperm wash or IVF for higher success chances.

Ask clear questions at your clinic: how many follicles is safe, how will you monitor, what are costs and next steps if this fails. Simple, direct conversations save time and stress and help you feel in control of the process.